Scientific Research
Thanks to scientific research, we can continue to strive for better insights and improved care for athletes worldwide
Scientific research
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Diagnostic Approach and Management of Iliac Artery Endofibrosis in Athletes: A Scoping Review
Iliac artery endofibrosis (IAE) is a rare vascular condition with an estimated global prevalence of 0.01%. It primarily affects endurance athletes, especially cyclists, and often presents with exercise-induced leg discomfort or reduced performance....
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Background: Flow limitations in the iliac arteries (FLIA) is a sport-related vascular condition increasingly recognised as an occupational risk for professional cyclists and other endurance athletes. Surgical reconstruction is the definitive treatment...
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External Iliac Artery Endofibrosis: A Systematic Literature Review and a Report of Two Cases
Background: External iliac artery endofibrosis is a non-atherosclerotic disease. It affects young individuals, particularly cyclists. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to highlight the intriguing aspects of this...
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Pedaling Through Pain: A Case Report of Iliac Artery Endofibrosis in a Competitive Cyclist
Iliac artery endofibrosis (IAE) is a rare cause of leg pain in young, healthy endurance athletes, particularly in male competitive cyclists. The prevailing hypothesis suggests that it is due to mechanical trauma of the iliac artery from long-standing...
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Case: This report describes a 25-year-old female professional triathlete with right external iliac artery endofibrosis (EIAE) that was definitively diagnosed on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images obtained immediately after treadmill running....
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Endofibrosis is a rare condition affecting blood vessels, occurring mainly among young healthy athletes. This condition arises as progressive stenosis of the iliac arteries, which attenuates the blood circulation of the limb, thus leading to pain...
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Endofibrosis is a rare disease that predominantly affects athletes and is caused by a gradual occlusion of the (usually iliac) artery due to a thickening of the intima. From our experience, we report in this article two cases with the entity of...
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In high level endurance competition, 10-20% of the athletes suffer from claudication symptoms. The underlying causes can be intravascular lesion such as endofibrosis, or functional lesions such as kinking and/or excessive length of vessel. We discuss a...
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Vascular Disease Patient Information Page: External iliac artery endofibrosis
External iliac artery endofibrosis (EIAE), also known as ‘cyclist’s iliac syndrome’, is an uncommon condition typically affecting young high-endurance athletes. Though EIAE was first described in the 1980s as a cause of lower leg pain in professional...
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Subtle radiographic findings can increase the challenge of diagnosing external iliac artery endofibrosis. We evaluated a new metric, the bicycle exercise ankle brachial index recovery time (BART), in a cohort of cyclists with symptomatic external iliac...
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Evaluating Arterial Blood Flow Limitation Using Muscle Oxygenation and Cycling Power
Objective: To explore the combination of measuring muscle oxygenation with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and cycling power during provocative incremental exercise for the detection of iliac arterial blood flow limitation (IAFL) in an otherwise...
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External iliac artery endofibrosis in an elite female endurance cyclist
External iliac artery endofibrosis is a rare pathology that affects high-level endurance athletes, especially cyclists. Classical symptoms include pain, loss of power, and/or cramp in the affected limb while training at maximal effort. The patient's...
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Exercise induced leg pain due to endofibrosis of external iliac artery
Due to monotonous movement patterns, muscular hypertrophy, and increased cardiac output peripheral vasculature of athletes are subject to extreme stresses during athletic performance. Individuals suffering from exercise induced non-traumatic lower leg...
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Debilitating Claudication in an Ultramarathon Runner: A Case of Iliac Artery Endofibrosis
External iliac artery endofibrosis is characterized by intimal fibrosis and often presents as a gradual decrease of exercise capacity due to exertional claudication-like symptoms, traditionally of the lower extremities.1 The data on the prevalence of...
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Peripheral Vascular Imaging Focusing on Nonatherosclerotic Disease
A variety of nonatherosclerotic diseases affect the arteries of the pelvis and lower extremities. Chronic repetitive traumatic conditions, such as popliteal entrapment and external iliac artery fibroelastosis, vasculitis and connective tissue diseases,...
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Ankle and arm pressure recordings for the diagnosis of exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis
BACKGROUND: Measurement of ankle and brachial blood pressure after maximal exercise is largely used to diagnose exercise‑induced arterial endofibrosis (EIAE). AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the different available methods and combination of...
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Long Distance Triathlete With Iliac Endofibrosis
A 48 year old long distance triathlete complained of exercise induced thigh pain on the left side for several years. Physical examination in the presence of strongly palpable foot pulses was uneventful at rest, but there was a drop in ankle brachial...
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A 45-year-old woman was presented with a 2-year history of left lower limb claudication symptoms occurring only during long-distance running. Multimodal imaging with exercise duplex ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiogram confirmed the...
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Diagnosis and management of external iliac endofibrosis: A case report
External iliac artery endofibrosis is an uncommon, nonatherosclerotic disease seen in endurance cyclists. It is poorly identified by providers. These otherwise healthy patients usually present with symptoms of arterial insufficiency, such as thigh or...
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Arterial endofibrosis is a vascular disease that typically affects the external iliac artery in young patients who undergo extreme exercise, mainly bicyclists.1 The diagnosis is indirectly suspected when these extreme athletes undergo ankle-brachial...